ECHOExploratory Compendium of Humanity Online

Google Scholar Citation Relations

AnalyzedMediumgraphtextAcademia.eduGoogleAcademicCitation networkSocial graph

A Google Scholar dataset of 82,937 papers, 148,116 citations, collected by Google Scholar via academic citation data. Each record contains citation edges between papers, node IDs, node names (titles), node types (paper, author, etc.), edge types (cites, etc.). Academic citation network from Google Scholar, capturing the flow of scientific knowledge through citation relationships. Suitable for citation analysis, academic network analysis, research impact, knowledge flow studies, scholarly communication.

#Google scholar

Cite this dataset at gscholar-citations.echo.directory

Download data BibTeX JSONSimilar datasets

Analytics

The interactive network needs JavaScript.

· graph.json

The full graph has 82,937 nodes; this view shows the 1,000-node sample the pipeline drew for display. Node size is centrality, colour is community.

82.9K
Nodes
148.1K
Edges
2.15e-05
Density
1
Components
-0.01542
Assortativity
0.2%
Reciprocity
54.7K
Bridges
Most central nodes
108300.0024
10260.00121
103510.00121
107540.00121
108960.00121
108970.00121
113520.00121
115690.00121
116010.00121
118200.00121
37.9
Flesch–Kincaid grade
US school grade level
Frequent terms
wic2009_ieeeacm_international_joint_conference_on_web_intelligence_and_intelligent_agent_technology11th_international_conference_information_visualization_acm_international_conference_on_web_intelligence_and_intelligent_agent_technology2008_ieeehicss42nd_hawaii_international_conference_on_system_sciencesacm_international_conference_on_web_intelligence_2006_ieeeac_2007business_engineering1999_ieee_international_conference_on_multimedia_computing_and_systems_2000_ieee_international_symposium_on_visual_languages_2009_13th_international_conference_information_visualisation2009_fourth_international_conference_on_computer_sciences_and_convergence_information_technology2009_icse_workshop_on_traceability_in_emerging_forms_of_software_engineering2009_ieee_31st_international_conference_on_software_engineering2009_ieee_international_conference_on_e2009_sixth_international_conference_on_information_technology_agent_new_generationsabteknillinen_korkeakouluaceainaapproval_sheetcommerce_and_eicmcsvolume_22004_ieee2004_ieee_symposium_on_information_visualization_2004_ieee_symposium_on_visual_languages2005_ieee2008_ieee_asia2008_ieee_international_conference_on_sensor_networks2008_ieee_international_conference_on_web_services2009_ninth_international_conference_on_intelligent_systems_design_and_applications2009_third_uksim_european_symposium_on_computer_modeling_and_simulation20th_international_conference_on_advanced_information_networking_and_applications36th_annual_hawaii_international_conference_on_system_sciences__and_trustworthy_computing__ubiquitousaccessacm_international_conferences_on_web_intelligence_and_intelligent_agent_technologyacs_international_conference_on_computer_systems_and_applicationsahadexaeeehuman_centric_computing_icdcsw
Topic clusters

Topic 0

aha
_agent
ac_2007
12
_a_high
10
_2
11

Topic 1

17
2d
3d

Topic 2

services
workshops_
amp
02
06

Topic 3

_a
all_rights_reserved
amp
delta
pi
10
_2
11

Topic 4

_e
oriented_real
services
2009_ieee
04
05

Topic 5

11

Topic 6

3d
3book
3d_or_not_3d
38
_context
ac_2007

Topic 7

2009_ieee
wic
2005_ieee
2006_ieee
05
06

Topic 8

99
volume_2
volume
_2
05
06
01
00

Topic 9

03
based_software_engineering
04
01
06
05

Topic 10

_2004
17
99
01

Topic 11

07
ac_2007
Show all 14 topics

Topic 12

_context
_agent

Topic 13

04
05
06
oriented_real
mu
02
01
03

Computed over the full corpus.

Record

Catalog key
gscholar-citations
Authors
Google Scholar
Year
2025
Source paper
Google Scholar Citation Relations Dataset
License
See source for licensing terms (academic research use) (LicenseRef-Research-Only)
Records
82,937
Nodes
82,937
Edges
148,116 (directed)
Nodes are
paper
Edges are
citation
Attributes
nodes have no attributes; edges have no attributes
Text corpus
paper title
Languages
en
Collected
2010-2015 (2010s)
Tasks
From the graph: link prediction, community detection
Region
Global (inferred: the platform is used worldwide)

Provenance

Originally published at
http://web.archive.org/web/20160610061723/http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~leman/data/gscholar.db unverified
Hosted copy
Mirrored on echo.directory on 2026-10-09, 42.0 MB across 1 files. Checksums in MANIFEST.json.

How to cite

BibTeX

@misc{echo2026,
  title  = {ECHO: Exploratory Compendium of Humanity Online},
  author = {Switzer, Braden and Zafarani, Reza},
  year   = {2026},
  url    = {https://echo.directory},
  note   = {Syracuse University}
}

@misc{gscholar_citations,
  title  = {Google Scholar Citation Relations Dataset},
  author = {{Google Scholar}},
  year   = {2025}
}

APA

Switzer, B., & Zafarani, R. (2026). ECHO: Exploratory Compendium of Humanity Online [Data repository]. Syracuse University. https://echo.directory

Google Scholar (2025). Google Scholar Citation Relations [Data set]. https://gscholar-citations.echo.directory/

MLA

Switzer, Braden, and Reza Zafarani. ECHO: Exploratory Compendium of Humanity Online. Syracuse University, 2026, echo.directory.

Google Scholar. Google Scholar Citation Relations. 2025, gscholar-citations.echo.directory/.

BibTeX · RIS · CSL-JSON

Similar datasets 9 all with scores →